Test of Memory Malingering(TOMM) 记忆伪装测试
 
Test of Memory Malingering(TOMM) 记忆伪装测试，根据神经心理学和认知心理学的研究，记忆伪装测试是一项包含 50 个项目的视觉识别测试，旨在提供一种系统的方法，以帮助区分伪装的记忆障碍和真正的记忆障碍。研究发现，TOMM 对伪装的记忆障碍非常敏感，而对多种神经系统疾病不敏感，因此具有较高的可靠性。
 

• 早期发作执行功能障碍型阿尔茨海默病患者在记忆伪装和误诊测试中表现不佳

Failed Performance on the Test of Memory Malingering and Misdiagnosis in Individuals with Early-Onset Dysexecutive Alzheimer's Disease

• 记忆伪装测试1在区分儿童脑震荡患者的神经认知、情绪和行为功能方面的效用

The Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 in Differentiating Neurocognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning in a Pediatric Concussion Population

• 记忆伪装测试和米勒法医症状评估测试在区分临床和模拟分离性身份障碍症状方面的多变量效用

Multivariable utility of the test of memory malingering and miller forensic assessment of symptoms test in distinguishing clinical and simulated dissociative identity disorder symptoms

• 在机动车碰撞后颈椎扭伤相关疾病中，颈部功能障碍指数和事件影响量表上的伪装谱系行为：分类模型的系统评估

Feigning spectrum behaviour on the Neck Disability Index and Impact of Events Scale in whiplash associated disorder after motor vehicle crashes: a systematic assessment of classification models
 

• 开发者：Tom N. Tombaugh博士
• 发布年份：1996年
• 测试年龄范围： 16 至 84 岁
• 测试完成时间：15-20分钟
• 测试方式：个人单独施测的图片识别任务
• 试题数量：50 题
• 测试形式：人工评分
• 分数：Cutoff scores临界分数
• 常模：提供认知功能正常的人群的常模；以及来自临床群体（认知障碍cognitive impairment、失语症aphasia、创伤性脑损伤traumatic brain injury和痴呆症dementia）的大量数据。
• 资格等级：C

 
使用方法
TOMM 是一项包含 50 个项目的识别测试，包括两次学习测试和一次可选的保持测试。
在每次学习测试中，受试者会看到 50 张常见物品的目标图片，每张图片持续 3 秒，间隔 1 秒。然后，受试者会依次看到 50 个识别面板。面板包含一张之前呈现的目标图片和一张新图片。受试者需要选择在学习测试中出现过的图片。可选的保持测试采用相同的步骤，只是不再重复呈现目标图片。结果基于两个临界值：1）低于随机水平；2）基于头部受伤和认知障碍患者的标准。
 
信度和效度
使用临床样本进行的验证研究清楚地表明，在标准化学习和记忆测试中得分处于严重障碍范围的个体，在TOMM测试中表现极佳。这证明TOMM对各种类型的严重认知障碍具有极强的抵抗力。
使用模拟和“有风险”的装病者进行的研究也支持TOMM的效度。模拟研究的结果表明，TOMM能够区分认真作答的个体（高特异性）和故意伪装作答的个体（高敏感性）。使用“有风险”的个体（患有TBI创伤性脑损伤‌（Traumatic Brain Injury）且正在法院诉讼期中的个体与患有TBI但未正在法院诉讼期中的个体）进行的研究结果表明，TOMM能够灵敏地识别有伪装记忆障碍风险的TBI患者的表现。综上所述，这些结果表明，TOMM 是一种有效的心理测量测试，可用于检测夸大或故意伪装的记忆障碍。
 
常模数据
非临床常模数据分两个阶段收集。第一阶段，对 405 名认知功能正常的个体（年龄在 16 至 84 岁之间）进行了 TOMM 的初步测试。根据他们的回答，对 TOMM 进行了修订。第二阶段，对另外 70 名认知功能正常的参与者（年龄在 17 至 73 岁之间，其中 63% 为男性）进行了当前二选一版本的 TOMM 测试。
临床样本的数据来自 158 名住院和门诊患者，其中包括 13 名无认知障碍患者、42 名认知障碍患者、21 名失语症患者、45 名创伤性脑损伤患者和 47 名痴呆症患者。
 
Test of Memory Malingering(TOMM) 记忆伪装测试，手工评分完整套装，型号：TOM10A/ML-11，包括：
TOMM指导手册、1套刺激材料手册和25份记录表
 
Test of Memory Malingering(TOMM) 记忆伪装测试，文献索引（部分）：

• Psychol Trauma. 2026 Mar 9. doi: 10.1037/tra0002130. Online ahead of print.

Multivariable utility of the test of memory malingering and miller forensic assessment of symptoms test in distinguishing clinical and simulated dissociative identity disorder symptoms

• J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2026 Mar 2:1-13. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2026.2637508. Online ahead of print.

The development of ACE-III performance validity tests for dementia screening

• Clin Neuropsychol. 2026 Apr 2:1-15. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2026.2648272. Online ahead of print.

Performance validity tests in a large racially and linguistically diverse pediatric and young adult clinical sample: Investigations of the TOMM, MVP, and MSVT

• BMC Psychol. 2025 Nov 28;13(1):1320. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03677-x.

Feigning spectrum behaviour on the Neck Disability Index and Impact of Events Scale in whiplash associated disorder after motor vehicle crashes: a systematic assessment of classification models

• Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2025 Jul-Aug;32(4):960-965. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2227909. Epub 2023 Jun 26.

Influence of age, education, and blast exposure on the Test of Memory Malingering in an active-duty military sample

• Clin Neuropsychol. 2025 Oct 6:1-12. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2025.2570302. Online ahead of print.

When failure on one performance validity test demonstrates invalid neuropsychological responding

• Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2024 Sep-Oct;31(5):721-731. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2064753. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Examining the cross-cultural validity of the test of memory malingering and the Rey 15-item test

• Front Psychol. 2024 Sep 20:15:1395434. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1395434. eCollection 2024.

Using behavior and eye-fixations to detect feigned memory impairment

• Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2024 Nov-Dec;31(6):1261-1269. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2119391. Epub 2022 Oct 13.

An alternative approach to TOMM cutoff scores using a large sample of military personnel

• J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2023 May;29(4):336-345. doi: 10.1017/S1355617722000339. Epub 2022 Jul 11.

What are the predictors of TOMM failure in clinical TBI populations? A retrospective analysis

• J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2023 Mar;29(3):298-305. doi: 10.1017/S1355617722000145. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Low rate of performance validity failures among individuals with bipolar disorder

• Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2023;30(5):483-491. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1958814. Epub 2021 Aug 24.

Demographic differences in performance validity test failure

• Behav Sci Law. 2023 Sep-Oct;41(5):445-462. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2609. Epub 2023 Mar 9.

From "below chance" to "a single error is one too many": Evaluating various thresholds for invalid performance on two forced choice recognition tests

• Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2022 Aug 23;37(6):1199-1207. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acac016.

Failed Performance on the Test of Memory Malingering and Misdiagnosis in Individuals with Early-Onset Dysexecutive Alzheimer's Disease

• Clin Neuropsychol. 2022 Nov;36(8):2120-2134. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1974564. Epub 2021 Oct 9.

The rate of psychiatric disorders in veterans undergoing intensive EEG monitoring is associated with symptom and performance invalidity

• Clin Neuropsychol. 2021 Apr;35(3):597-614. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1696408. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

The validity of the test of memory malingering (TOMM) with deaf individuals

• J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2020 Mar;42(2):131-141. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1695749. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Stratified performance on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) is associated with differential responding on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)

• Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2022 Feb 23;37(2):322-337. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acab065.

The Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 in Differentiating Neurocognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning in a Pediatric Concussion Population

• Percept Mot Skills. 2022 Apr;129(2):269-288. doi: 10.1177/00315125211066399. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Comparing the Independent and Aggregated Accuracy of Trial 1 and the First 10 TOMM Items for Detecting Invalid Neuropsychological Test Performance Across Civilian and Veteran Clinical Samples

• Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2021 Jul-Aug;28(4):486-496. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1658585. Epub 2019 Sep 13.

Comparison of the Word Memory Test and the Test of Memory Malingering in detecting invalid performance in neuropsychological testing

• Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2021 May 21;36(4):613-619. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acaa079.

RBANS Validity Measures and the TOMM in Veterans Undergoing Seizure Monitoring

• Neuropsychology. 2021 Jul;35(5):472-485. doi: 10.1037/neu0000747. Epub 2021 May 20.

Detecting simulated versus bona fide traumatic brain injury using pupillometry

• Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2021 Nov-Dec;28(6):727-736. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1698581. Epub 2019 Dec 13.

Evaluation of the classification accuracy of multiple performance validity tests in a mixed clinical sample

• Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2020 Aug 28;35(6):726-734. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acaa022.

Retrospective Analysis of the Test of Memory Malingering in a Low Intellectual Quotient Intractable Epilepsy Sample

• Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2020 Nov 19;35(8):1312-1322. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acaa075.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering in Pediatric Examinees

• Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2020 May 22;35(4):429-433. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acz079.

Early Cutoff Criteria for Strong Performance on the Test of Memory Malingering
 

• 请仔细阅读以下本产品重要说明

本产品重要说明
语言：英文
计分表格：纸张
国际惯例：相应的专业人员购买并使用
产品主要参数：Test of Memory Malingering(TOMM)
原装进口，产地美国
尊重并维护知识产权，请在需要的时候，按以下列表选择购买使用量表类产品，以实现教学、科研等工作的严谨性和信效度

套装
TOM10A/ML-11	Test of Memory Malingering(TOMM) 记忆伪装测试，手工评分完整套装	电邮询价
手册
TOM20B/ ML-11B	Test of Memory Malingering(TOMM) 记忆伪装测试，指导手册	电邮询价
计分表
TOM40D/ ML-11A	Test of Memory Malingering(TOMM) 记忆伪装测试，记录表（一包25份）	电邮询价
其他
TOM30C/ML-11C	Test of Memory Malingering(TOMM) 记忆伪装测试，刺激材料手册（3 本/包）	电邮询价