ADI-R自闭症诊断访谈量表修订本（Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised）作为用于诊断和鉴别自闭症的一种访谈工具的信效度如何？
 
ADI-R自闭症诊断访谈量表修订本（Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised(ADI-R)），是用于诊断和鉴别诊断自闭症的一种访谈工具，也可作为临床自闭症研究的工具。由经过专业培训的评估者对儿童家长进行访谈的形式评定，约需90-150分钟完成，适用于2岁以上的儿童或成人。ADOS-2（自闭症诊断观察量表第二版）和ADI-R（自闭症诊断访谈量表修订本）联合，已被欧美许多国家作为诊断自闭症的金标准使用，在世界各地得到了广泛的应用。
 
ADI-R自闭症诊断访谈量表修订本（Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised）是目前国际临床与科研中广泛使用的自闭症谱系障碍（Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD）“金标准”评估工具之一。它通过结构化访谈方式，对自闭症的核心行为特征进行深入、系统的评估。以下是对其信度与效度的分析：
 
一、ADI-R工具简介
评估方式   由训练有素的专业评估人员对家长或主要照护者进行结构化访谈
评估对象   2岁以上、发展年龄至少18个月的儿童、青少年或成人
访谈时长   1.5–2.5小时，取决于被访者情况
评估内容   三大核心领域：①语言/沟通；②社交互动；③刻板行为与兴趣狭窄
 
二、ADI-R的信度分析
1. 内部一致性（Internal Consistency）
各核心维度的Cronbach's α系数通常在 0.80–0.90 之间；
显示量表在各模块内部项目之间的一致性良好。
2. 重测信度（Test-Retest Reliability）
在几天至几周的间隔中，重测一致性高达 r = 0.92（社交）、0.91（沟通）、0.88（行为）；
表明ADI-R对不同时间访谈保持良好稳定性。
3. 评分者一致性（Inter-Rater Reliability）
经培训的评估者之间的一致性非常高，Kappa值多数> 0.85；
临床评估标准化，避免主观误差。
 
三、ADI-R的效度分析
1. 构念效度（Construct Validity）
围绕DSM-IV/DSM-5定义的ASD核心症状设计，结构符合现代自闭症理论；
因子分析支持其“三大结构”维度理论基础。
2. 判别效度（Discriminant Validity）
能清晰区分ASD与其他发展性障碍（如语言障碍、智力障碍、ADHD等）；
被广泛用于高功能和低功能自闭症儿童的差异识别。
3. 同时效度（Concurrent Validity）
与ADOS、CARS、SRS等其他评估工具相关性显著（r > 0.70）；
ADI-R与ADOS组合被视为可靠的临床诊断配套方法，也被称作为自闭症诊断的金标准工具。

 自闭症诊断访谈量表修订本（ADI-R）（Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised(ADI-R)），文献索引（部分）：

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Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised Within DSM-5 Framework: Test of Reliability and Validity in Chinese Children

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Validation of the Chinese Version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised Within DSM-5 Framework: Test of Reliability and Validity in Chinese Children

• Asian J Psychiatr. 2022 Apr;70:103030.doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103030. Epub 2022 Feb 12.

Burden of care and quality of life in caregivers of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

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Phenotypic differences between female and male individuals with suspicion of autism spectrum disorder

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Missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses of adults with autism spectrum disorder

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Delineating the autistic phenotype in children with neurofibromatosis type 1

• Autism. 2022 Feb;26(2):446-459. doi: 10.1177/13623613211029116. Epub 2021 Jul 16.

Adapting and validating the Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised for use with deaf children and young people

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Diagnostic stability in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: insights from a longitudinal follow-up study

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The Role of Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging (DTI) of the Brain in Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder: Promising Results

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A Distinct Three-Factor Structure of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in an Epidemiologically Sound Sample of Preschool-Age Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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• Front Psychiatry. 2021 Aug 24;12:727308.doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727308. eCollection 2021.

Is the Combination of ADOS and ADI-R Necessary to Classify ASD? Rethinking the "Gold Standard" in Diagnosing ASD

• Mol Autism. 2021 Aug 14;12(1):57.doi: 10.1186/s13229-021-00461-7.

Non-verbal IQ and change in restricted and repetitive behavior throughout childhood in autism: a longitudinal study using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised

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Amygdala subnuclei development in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Association with social communication and repetitive behaviors

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Alteration of TRIM33 Expression at Transcriptional and Translational Levels is Correlated with Autism Symptoms

• Psychiatry Investig. 2021 Mar;18(3):196-204. doi: 10.30773/pi.2020.0337. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Validating the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised in the Korean Population

• Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 8;12:659006.doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.659006. eCollection 2021.

REM Sleep EEG Activity and Clinical Correlates in Adults With Autism

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Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms and Clinical Characteristics in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Association of Reduced Tract Integrity with Social Communication Deficits in Preschool Autism Children: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study

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The relationships between the topological properties of the whole-brain white matter network and the severity of autism spectrum disorder: A study from monozygotic twins

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Extracting Latent Subdimensions of Social Communication: A Cross-Measure Factor Analysis

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Using the big data approach to clarify the structure of restricted and repetitive behaviors across the most commonly used autism spectrum disorder measures

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Core-Symptom-Defined Cortical Gyrification Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Utility of the ADOS-2 and the ADI-R in Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children

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Patterns of autism symptoms: hidden structure in the ADOS and ADI-R instruments

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Cross-Cultural Validation of the Polish Version of the ADI-R, Including New Algorithms for Toddlers and Young Preschoolers

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ADI-R and ADOS and the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders: Interests, limits and openings

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Evaluating Sex and Age Differences in ADI-R and ADOS Scores in a Large European Multi-site Sample of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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The Interrater Reliability of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in Clinical Settings

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Diagnosing ASD in Adults Without ID: Accuracy of the ADOS-2 and the ADI-R

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The clinical utility of the ADI-R and ADOS in diagnosing autism

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Fecal calprotectin levels correlate with main domains of the autism diagnostic interview-revised (ADI-R) in a sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorders from Slovakia

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Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) Algorithms for Toddlers and Young Preschoolers: Application in a Non-US Sample of 1,104 Children

• J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Jul;46(7):2327-39. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-2760-2.

Classifying Autism Spectrum Disorders by ADI-R: Subtypes or Severity Gradient?

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Symptoms of Autism in Males with Fragile X Syndrome: A Comparison to Nonsyndromic ASD Using Current ADI-R Scores

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An ontology for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to infer ASD phenotypes from Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised data